Chapter 19

rikka

the start of summer

around 6 May

立夏

Summer, on the sixth of May. The last of the four 立, and the year's final quarter. Golden Week has just finished, the rice fields are flooded and flashing, and it is briefly perfect — warm, dry, before the rains.

There are no new characters left. You have all of them: forty-six hiragana, forty-six katakana, the marks, the small ones, the combinations. Anything written in Japanese, you can now say out loud.

So this volume is about what the words are doing when they sit next to each other.


koinobori鯉のぼりcarp streamers

On the fifth of May, families fly carp-shaped windsocks from poles — one large black one, then smaller ones behind, filling and rippling in the wind so they look like fish swimming upstream.

The carp is the point. There is a story about one that swam up a waterfall and was turned into a dragon, so the fish stands for getting somewhere difficult by not stopping. The streamers are hung for children, and the wish attached is not for luck.

You can read the name now: こい, の — the joiner from chapter five — and のぼり, *climbing*. Carp-of-climbing.


How it fits together

AはBです

The most useful sentence in the language, and you have been reading its pieces for months. は marks the topic — *as for A* — and です closes the sentence politely. B is what A is.

わたしはがくせいです. As for me, student. Japanese doesn't need a word for *am*: です does the closing and the politeness in one.

That は is the one from chapter six, read *wa*, and this is its real job. Every time you've said こんにちは you've been using a topic marker with the topic left off.

〜ですか

Add か and the statement becomes a question. Nothing else moves — no word order changes, no rising tone required, no equivalent of *do* or *are*.

がくせいです is 'I'm a student'. がくせいですか is 'are you a student?' One character.

Words

  • gakusei学生student
  • sensei先生teacher
  • tomodachi友達friend
  • namae名前name
  • nihon日本Japan

Things you can say today

  • watashihagakuseidesuI'm a studentthe pattern, filled in
  • onamaehanandesukawhat's your name?なん is なに from chapter five, shortened before です
  • nihongogasukoshiwakarimasuI understand a little Japanesetrue, and worth being able to say

Nothing to review right now.

This chapter teaches no new characters — you have them all. Anything still fading will come back round here after a day or two away.