Chapter 19
rikka
the start of summer
around 6 May
立夏
Summer, on the sixth of May. The last of the four 立, and the year's final quarter. Golden Week has just finished, the rice fields are flooded and flashing, and it is briefly perfect — warm, dry, before the rains.
There are no new characters left. You have all of them: forty-six hiragana, forty-six katakana, the marks, the small ones, the combinations. Anything written in Japanese, you can now say out loud.
So this volume is about what the words are doing when they sit next to each other.
On the fifth of May, families fly carp-shaped windsocks from poles — one large black one, then smaller ones behind, filling and rippling in the wind so they look like fish swimming upstream.
The carp is the point. There is a story about one that swam up a waterfall and was turned into a dragon, so the fish stands for getting somewhere difficult by not stopping. The streamers are hung for children, and the wish attached is not for luck.
You can read the name now: こい, の — the joiner from chapter five — and のぼり, *climbing*. Carp-of-climbing.
How it fits together
AはBです
The most useful sentence in the language, and you have been reading its pieces for months. は marks the topic — *as for A* — and です closes the sentence politely. B is what A is.
わたしはがくせいです. As for me, student. Japanese doesn't need a word for *am*: です does the closing and the politeness in one.
That は is the one from chapter six, read *wa*, and this is its real job. Every time you've said こんにちは you've been using a topic marker with the topic left off.
〜ですか
Add か and the statement becomes a question. Nothing else moves — no word order changes, no rising tone required, no equivalent of *do* or *are*.
がくせいです is 'I'm a student'. がくせいですか is 'are you a student?' One character.
Words
- がgaくkuせseいi学生student
- せseんnせseいi先生teacher
- とtoもmoだdaちchi友達friend
- なnaまmaえe名前name
- にniほhoんn日本Japan
Things you can say today
- わwaたtaしshiはhaがgaくkuせseいiでdeすsuI'm a studentthe pattern, filled in
- おoなnaまmaえeはhaなnaんnでdeすsuかkawhat's your name?なん is なに from chapter five, shortened before です
- にniほhoんnごgoがgaすsuこkoしshiわwaかkaりriまmaすsuI understand a little Japanesetrue, and worth being able to say
Nothing to review right now.
This chapter teaches no new characters — you have them all. Anything still fading will come back round here after a day or two away.